Holbein the ambassadors

Painted in 1533 by Hans Holbein the Younger, The Ambassadors is famous for the trick of perspective that allows what first appears to be a diagonal streak across the bottom of the canvas to be seen from a particular angle as a skull. In this Demonstration the image is applied as a texture to a flat square, directly below the observer's original ...

One of the greatest portrait paintings painted by Holbein during his second visit to England, was The Ambassadors, a life-sized double-portrait of the wealthy landowner Jean de …Hans Holbein the Younger was a German painter, draftsman, and designer, renowned for the precise rendering of his drawings and the compelling realism of his portraits, particularly those recording the court of King Henry VIII of England. ... The Ambassadors by Hans Holbein the Younger, 1533; in the National Gallery, London. …Holbein's 'The Ambassadors' Grandiose. Monumental. Chas and Dave? Find out what people had to say about 'The Ambassadors' This is a YouTube video player. Below the video are the title, view time and description. Below that is a carousel of video thumbnails. Clicking a thumbnail will load and play that video.The Ambassadors (Holbein), Iberia and Georgia detail.jpg 328 × 199; 22 KB The Ambassadors - "Cool" S.png 1,039 × 1,024; 1.87 MB Victor Christian William Cavendish, 9th Duke of Devonshire as an Ambassador after Holbein's picture in the National Gallery.jpg 650 × 786; 253 KBHolbein s e Ambassadors (www.nationalgallery.com), a popular image of Renaissance diplomacy, may be a case in point. Historians can see portraits as a category of art in the service of political power as individuals shape images to further personal and social prestige. At rst blush, Holbein s picture may seem a good example of the genre.Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Jean Clouet presented Francis I as a ____., The monumental composition and sculpturesque form in Hans Holbein's The French Ambassadors reflects the influence of ____., During the second half of the 16th century, ____ controlled the Netherlands. and more.The Ambassadors (Holbein), Iberia and Georgia detail.jpg 328 × 199; 22 KB. The Ambassadors - "Cool" S.png 1.039 × 1.024; 1,87 MB. Victor Christian William Cavendish, 9th Duke of Devonshire as an Ambassador after Holbein's picture in the National Gallery.jpg 650 × 786; 253 KB. Kategorien:

'The Ambassadors', also from this period, depicts two visitors to the court of Henry VIII. 'Christina of Denmark' is a portrait of a potential wife for the king. Holbein was born in Augsburg in southern Germany in the winter of 1497-8. He was taught by his father, Hans Holbein the Elder. He became a member of the Basel artists' guild in 1519. slow art story by Susan Foister. Listen to the Story: 38 minutes. Description: Who were the French ambassadors so elegantly depicted in Holbein’s masterpiece and how did King Henry VIII’s astronomer become involved? Find out all this and more with Susan Foister, our Deputy Director and Director of Public Engagement. Who were the French ambassadors so elegantly depicted in Holbein's masterpiece and how did King Henry VIII's astronomer become involved? Find out all this and more with Susan Foister, our Deputy Director and Director of Public Engagement. Hans Holbein the Younger, The Ambassadors, 1533. Read about this painting, learn the key facts and …'The Ambassadors', also from this period, depicts two visitors to the court of Henry VIII. 'Christina of Denmark' is a portrait of a potential wife for the king. Holbein was born in Augsburg in southern Germany in the winter of 1497-8. He was taught by his father, Hans Holbein the Elder. He became a member of the Basel artists' guild in 1519.THE AMBASSADORS' SECRET is a radical reinterpretation of one of the world's most famous paintings. Holbein's celebrated portrait of two French diplomats at the court of Henry VIII has usually been linked to the political and religious unrest of the day. John North shows that the painting has a very different, and previously undetected, central ...'The Ambassadors', also from this period, depicts two visitors to the court of Henry VIII. 'Christina of Denmark' is a portrait of a potential wife for the king. Holbein was born in Augsburg in southern Germany in the winter of 1497-8. He was taught by his father, Hans Holbein the Elder. He became a member of the Basel artists' guild in 1519.The Ambassadors - Hans Holbein the Younger/!PREVIEW! - The Ambassadors - Hans Holbein the Younger.jpg . The Ambassadors - Hans Holbein the Younger/The Ambassadors - Hans Holbein the Younger.jpg . The Ambassadors - Hans Holbein the Younger/The Ambassadors - Hans Holbein the Younger.png . remove …Holbein’s Ambassadors is, indeed, a painting that calls for, if not demands, an interpretation. The artificial setting of the two figures, the surrounding array of emblematic objects, the anamorphic composition that disrupts the placidity of the foreground, together with the half-hidden crucifix in the upper left corner—all seem to suggest ...

For more of Holbein's English portraiture, see the National Portrait Gallery in London. The Ambassadors In 1533 the French Ambassador to England commissioned The Ambassadors (1533, National Gallery), a double portrait of himself and the Bishop Georges de Selve. In the foreground of the painting there is strange object that cannot be …Holbein’s Ambassadors is, indeed, a painting that calls for, if not demands, an interpretation. The artificial setting of the two figures, the surrounding array of emblematic objects, the anamorphic composition that disrupts the placidity of the foreground, together with the half-hidden crucifix in the upper left corner—all seem to suggest ... Art. Art History II (Lumen) 6: 1500–1600—The Age of Reformation- Northern Renaissance Art. 6.13: Holbein’s The Ambassadors. Expand/collapse global location. 6.13: Holbein’s The Ambassadors. Page ID. Dr. Beth Harris and Dr. Steven Zucker provide a description, historical perspective, and analysis of Hans Holbein the Younger’s The ... 'The Ambassadors', also from this period, depicts two visitors to the court of Henry VIII. 'Christina of Denmark' is a portrait of a potential wife for the king. Holbein was born in Augsburg in southern Germany in the winter of 1497-8. He was taught by his father, Hans Holbein the Elder. He became a member of the Basel artists' guild in 1519. 'The Ambassadors', also from this period, depicts two visitors to the court of Henry VIII. 'Christina of Denmark' is a portrait of a potential wife for the king. Holbein was born in Augsburg in southern Germany in the winter of 1497-8. He was taught by his father, Hans Holbein the Elder. He became a member of the Basel artists' guild in 1519.

Mexico cathedral.

Share your thoughts with us on any of our social channels. Image: Hans Holbein the Younger, 'The Ambassadors', 1533. 1 / 2. Grandiose. Monumental. Chas and Dave? 'The Ambassadors', also from this period, depicts two visitors to the court of Henry VIII. 'Christina of Denmark' is a portrait of a potential wife for the king. Holbein was born in Augsburg in southern Germany in the winter of 1497-8. He was taught by his father, Hans Holbein the Elder. He became a member of the Basel artists' guild in 1519.The Ambassadors by Hans Holbein the Younger. At the end of 1533, a very large item of personal luggage was manhandled onto a ship from one of London’s docks, headed for France. It was a huge panel made of Baltic oak measuring more than two metres high and the same again in length, carefully padded, wrapped, tied, and marked up for the … Title: The Ambassadors. Creator: Hans Holbein the Younger. Date Created: 1533. Physical Dimensions: 207 x 209.5 cm. Medium: Oil on oak. School: German. More Info: Explore the National Gallery’s ...

The Ambassadors (1533) in London. by Hans HOLBEIN the Younger. In the first years after Holbein's return to England, the Steelyard merchants were by no means his only clients. His reputation as a brilliant portraitist had undoubtedly penetrated court circles, because in 1533 Holbein was commissioned by the French ambassador Jean de …Hans Holbein the Younger, court painter during the reign of Henry VIII, produced some spectacular works. Amongst the most celebrated is a double portrait of Jean de Dinteville, French Ambassador to Henry's court, and Georges de Selve, Bishop of Lavaur. Painted by Holbein in 1533, the picture, known as The Ambassadors, hangs in …'The Ambassadors', also from this period, depicts two visitors to the court of Henry VIII. 'Christina of Denmark' is a portrait of a potential wife for the king. Holbein was born in Augsburg in southern Germany in the winter of 1497-8. He was taught by his father, Hans Holbein the Elder. He became a member of the Basel artists' guild in 1519.Holbein’s The Ambassadors, painted in 1533, portrays Jean de Dinteville and Georges de Selve. Dinteville was a French ambassador sent to the English court of Henry VIII by Francis I. Hans Holbein, who served as the king’s official painter, was a German Catholic artist. This painting is one of his greatest works and is known for its ...By Dr. Lauren Kilroy-Ewbank. One of the most famous portraits of the Renaissance is without question Hans Holbein the Younger’s The Ambassadors from 1533. Even …The Ambassadors was painted in the Spring of 1533, a time described by the State University of New York, College at Oneonta, website as a “context of shifting political alliances, religious conflict, and changing fortunes” 3. It was painted during the lead up to the coronation of the pregnant Anne Boleyn, who had married Henry VIII secretly ...'The Ambassadors', also from this period, depicts two visitors to the court of Henry VIII. 'Christina of Denmark' is a portrait of a potential wife for the king. Holbein was born in Augsburg in southern Germany in the winter of 1497-8. He was taught by his father, Hans Holbein the Elder. He became a member of the Basel artists' guild in 1519.One of the most famous portraits of the Renaissance is without question Hans Holbein the Younger’s The Ambassadors from 1533. Even today, it is a favored portrait to parody, mimic, or cite in art, TV, film, and social media, and it remains an important source for contemporary artists. Hans Holbein the Younger, The Ambassadors, 1533, oil on ...Key Takeaways. Holbein’s The Ambassadors would seem like an ordinary 16th century portrait were it not for an indiscernible shape appearing in the foreground. …'The Ambassadors', also from this period, depicts two visitors to the court of Henry VIII. 'Christina of Denmark' is a portrait of a potential wife for the king. Holbein was born in Augsburg in southern Germany in the winter of 1497-8. He was taught by his father, Hans Holbein the Elder. He became a member of the Basel artists' guild in 1519.

The Ambassadors, by Hans Holbein, 1533. This could have been a lead photo for an article about two suave young men in an upmarket style magazine. Surrounded by their material symbols of knowledge and power, they have the swagger of a couple of go–getters. Nearly five hundred years ago a German artist living in England painted two French ...

Holbein’s The Ambassadors Dr. Beth Harris and Dr. Steven Zucker provide a description, historical perspective, and analysis of Hans Holbein the Younger’s The Ambassadors . Hans Holbein the Younger, The Ambassadors , 1533, oil on oak, 207 × 209.5 cm (The National Gallery, London).'The Ambassadors', also from this period, depicts two visitors to the court of Henry VIII. 'Christina of Denmark' is a portrait of a potential wife for the king. Holbein was born in Augsburg in southern Germany in the winter of 1497-8. He was taught by his father, Hans Holbein the Elder. He became a member of the Basel artists' guild in 1519. Art. Art History II (Lumen) 6: 1500–1600—The Age of Reformation- Northern Renaissance Art. 6.13: Holbein’s The Ambassadors. Expand/collapse global location. 6.13: Holbein’s The Ambassadors. Page ID. Dr. Beth Harris and Dr. Steven Zucker provide a description, historical perspective, and analysis of Hans Holbein the Younger’s The ... Category: The Ambassadors (Holbein) Da Wikimedia Commons, l'archivio di file multimediali liberi. Vai alla navigazione Vai alla ricerca. The Ambassadors (Holbein) Hans Holbein il Giovane: Ambasciatori Artista: Hans Holbein il Giovane (1497/1498–1543) ...In Lacan’s analysis of Hans Holbein’s 1533 painting, The Ambassadors, the gaze is located in the distorted shape in the foreground of the painting, inaccessible to distinct vision and yet sufficiently registered to provoke the viewer to look back at it as she leaves the room, thereby clearly perceiving, for the first time, the angled skull.“The Holbein Ambassadors is such a different kind of picture from anything anyone had painted before that it is a kind of epitaph for the painter.The amount of physical detail is astonishing and the picture really is life-size. So when you confront it in London, it’s an astonishing experience.Holbein's portrait was so much to the king's liking that Henry VIII encouraged other artists to copy the painting, and gave these copies to friends and ambassadors. In addition to this, nobles had their own copies of the painting created to show their loyalty to the king.English : The Ambassadors (1533), painting by Hans Holbein the Younger (1497–1543) with the portraits of Jean de Dinteville, French ambassador to the court of Henry VIII of England, and Georges de Selve, bishop of Lavaur. This picture memorialises two wealthy, educated and powerful young men. On the left is Jean de Dinteville, aged 29, French ambassador to England in 1533. To the right stands his friend, Georges de Selve, aged 25, bishop of Lavaur, who acted on several occasions as ambassador to the Emperor, the Venetian Republic and the Holy See. The picture is in a tradition showing learned men with books and ... 'The Ambassadors', also from this period, depicts two visitors to the court of Henry VIII. 'Christina of Denmark' is a portrait of a potential wife for the king. Holbein was born in Augsburg in southern Germany in the winter of 1497-8. He was taught by his father, Hans Holbein the Elder. He became a member of the Basel artists' guild in 1519.

Lax to cun flights.

Find phone no location.

Holbein's portrait was so much to the king's liking that Henry VIII encouraged other artists to copy the painting, and gave these copies to friends and ambassadors. In addition to this, nobles had their own copies of the painting created to show their loyalty to the king.'The Ambassadors', also from this period, depicts two visitors to the court of Henry VIII. 'Christina of Denmark' is a portrait of a potential wife for the king. Holbein was born in Augsburg in southern Germany in the winter of 1497-8. He was taught by his father, Hans Holbein the Elder. He became a member of the Basel artists' guild in 1519.'The Ambassadors' by Hans Holbein the Younger (1533, National Gallery, London), with its apparition of an elongated object hovering over the floor. Observation of the painting from the right side ... 'The Ambassadors', also from this period, depicts two visitors to the court of Henry VIII. 'Christina of Denmark' is a portrait of a potential wife for the king. Holbein was born in Augsburg in southern Germany in the winter of 1497-8. He was taught by his father, Hans Holbein the Elder. He became a member of the Basel artists' guild in 1519. Title: The Ambassadors. Creator: Hans Holbein the Younger. Date Created: 1533. Physical Dimensions: 207 x 209.5 cm. Medium: Oil on oak. School: German. More Info: Explore the National Gallery’s ... Title: The Ambassadors. Creator: Hans Holbein the Younger. Date Created: 1533. Physical Dimensions: 207 x 209.5 cm. Medium: Oil on oak. School: German. More Info: Explore the National Gallery’s ...Hans Holbein the Younger, The Ambassadors, 1533, oil on oak, 207 x 209.5 cm (The National Gallery, London). View this work up close on the Google Art Project... 'The Ambassadors', also from this period, depicts two visitors to the court of Henry VIII. 'Christina of Denmark' is a portrait of a potential wife for the king. Holbein was born in Augsburg in southern Germany in the winter of 1497-8. He was taught by his father, Hans Holbein the Elder. He became a member of the Basel artists' guild in 1519. ….

This picture memorialises two wealthy, educated and powerful young men. On the left is Jean de Dinteville, aged 29, French ambassador to England in 1533. T...The Ambassadors (Holbein, 1533) is a painting from the Renaissance period by Hans Holbein the Younger. In this image, two men, dressed in fashionable clothing of the time, stand in a room on either side of shelf, which has various objects on it. The painting reveals a scene of modest opulence, and the characters are evidently well …The Ambassadors by Hans Holbein the Younger is one of those paintings that we know so well we tend to forget to look closer. It’s like the Mona Lisa or The Sunflowers, a part of our universe of images. …The Ambassadors was painted in the Spring of 1533, a time described by the State University of New York, College at Oneonta, website as a “context of shifting political alliances, religious conflict, and changing fortunes” 3. It was painted during the lead up to the coronation of the pregnant Anne Boleyn, who had married Henry VIII secretly ... Google Arts & Culture features content from over 2000 leading museums and archives who have partnered with the Google Cultural Institute to bring the world's treasures online. 'The Ambassadors', also from this period, depicts two visitors to the court of Henry VIII. 'Christina of Denmark' is a portrait of a potential wife for the king. Holbein was born in Augsburg in southern Germany in the winter of 1497-8. He was taught by his father, Hans Holbein the Elder. He became a member of the Basel artists' guild in 1519. One of the most famous examples of the technique is Hans Holbein the Younger's double portrait The Ambassadors, which possesses a history as rich as the …Holbein's technique and his choice of pigments and media are given in detail. Then the 1891 restoration of The Ambassadors , which involved planing down the panel and providing a cradle, is described, with the subsequent damage that the panel sustained in changing environmental conditions. Holbein the ambassadors, 'The Ambassadors', also from this period, depicts two visitors to the court of Henry VIII. 'Christina of Denmark' is a portrait of a potential wife for the king. Holbein was born in Augsburg in southern Germany in the winter of 1497-8. He was taught by his father, Hans Holbein the Elder. He became a member of the Basel artists' guild in 1519., Hans Holbein's "The Ambassadors" was painted in 1533. Rendered in oil on oak, the portrait is filled with hidden meaning. Many of the objects represent the division of the Church due to the ..., Holbein's technique and his choice of pigments and media are given in detail. Then the 1891 restoration of The Ambassadors , which involved planing down the panel and providing a cradle, is described, with the subsequent damage that the panel sustained in changing environmental conditions., The ambassadors were Jean de Dinteville, French ambassador in England, and Georges de Selve, Bishop of Lavaur. Skip to main content. We will keep fighting for all libraries - stand with us! A line drawing of the Internet Archive headquarters building façade. ... Holbein's "Ambassadors" : the picture and the men : an historical study, Aug 17, 2018 · Aug 17, 2018 10:51AM. Hans Holbein the Younger. Jean de Dinteville and Georges de Selve ('The Ambassadors'), 1533. The National Gallery, London. Today’s obsession with the glittering and deadly court of King Henry VIII would not exist without the artistic talents of one man. Hans Holbein the Younger, a German Catholic artist and official ... , The Ambassadors. Home / Museum / Search ARC Museum / Hans Holbein (1497-1543) View. Hi-res image available. Buy a print. Image Details. 4036 x 4096 pixels 16 MPs. 8 Megabytes., The Ambassadors (1533) in London. by Hans HOLBEIN the Younger. In the first years after Holbein's return to England, the Steelyard merchants were by no means his only clients. His reputation as a brilliant portraitist had undoubtedly penetrated court circles, because in 1533 Holbein was commissioned by the French ambassador Jean de …, Holbein’s The Ambassadors Dr. Beth Harris and Dr. Steven Zucker provide a description, historical perspective, and analysis of Hans Holbein the Younger’s The Ambassadors . Hans Holbein the Younger, The Ambassadors , 1533, oil on oak, 207 × 209.5 cm (The National Gallery, London)., 'The Ambassadors', also from this period, depicts two visitors to the court of Henry VIII. 'Christina of Denmark' is a portrait of a potential wife for the king. Holbein was born in Augsburg in southern Germany in the winter of 1497-8. He was taught by his father, Hans Holbein the Elder. He became a member of the Basel artists' guild in 1519. , 'The Ambassadors', also from this period, depicts two visitors to the court of Henry VIII. 'Christina of Denmark' is a portrait of a potential wife for the king. Holbein was born in Augsburg in southern Germany in the winter of 1497-8. He was taught by his father, Hans Holbein the Elder. He became a member of the Basel artists' guild in 1519., Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like When was the ambassadors painted, When did Holbein become court painter to Henry VIII, Who influenced him (the Ambassadors) and more., A masterpiece of Renaissance portraiture, depicting two French ambassadors and a skull with a book and objects in the foreground. Learn about the painting, its symbolism, the sitters and the …, Who were the two wealthy, educated and powerful-looking young gentlemen in Hans Holbein the Younger’s vast masterpiece? In 1890, when the National Gallery ac..., 'The Ambassadors', also from this period, depicts two visitors to the court of Henry VIII. 'Christina of Denmark' is a portrait of a potential wife for the king. Holbein was born in Augsburg in southern Germany in the winter of 1497-8. He was taught by his father, Hans Holbein the Elder. He became a member of the Basel artists' guild in 1519., May 9, 2023 · The Ambassadors, by Hans Holbein the Younger (1497–1543) may on the face of it appear to be a magnificent near-life-size double portrait, but closer inspection reveals a whole host of hidden… , Hans Holbein the Younger was a German painter, draftsman, and designer, renowned for the precise rendering of his drawings and the compelling realism of his portraits, particularly those recording the court of King Henry VIII of England. ... The Ambassadors by Hans Holbein the Younger, 1533; in the National Gallery, London. …, Hans Holbein the Younger (UK: / ˈ h ɒ l b aɪ n / HOL-byne, US: / ˈ h oʊ l b aɪ n, ˈ h ɔː l-/ HOHL-byne, HAWL-; German: Hans Holbein der Jüngere; c. 1497 – between 7 October and 29 November 1543) was a German-Swiss painter and printmaker who worked in a Northern Renaissance style, and is considered one of the greatest portraitists of the 16th century. …, The Ambassadors (Holbein), Iberia and Georgia detail.jpg 328 × 199; 22 KB The Ambassadors - "Cool" S.png 1,039 × 1,024; 1.87 MB Victor Christian William Cavendish, 9th Duke of Devonshire as an Ambassador after Holbein's picture in the National Gallery.jpg 650 × 786; 253 KB, In this painting, done in London in 1533, Hans Holbein freeze-frames the Renaissance world. Two young men stand next to an array of objects that signify discovery, knowledge and the arts., Hans Holbein the Younger (UK: / ˈ h ɒ l b aɪ n / HOL-byne, US: / ˈ h oʊ l b aɪ n, ˈ h ɔː l-/ HOHL-byne, HAWL-; German: Hans Holbein der Jüngere; c. 1497 – between 7 October and 29 November 1543) was a German-Swiss painter and printmaker who worked in a Northern Renaissance style, and is considered one of the greatest portraitists of the 16th century. …, 'The Ambassadors', also from this period, depicts two visitors to the court of Henry VIII. 'Christina of Denmark' is a portrait of a potential wife for the king. Holbein was born in Augsburg in southern Germany in the winter of 1497-8. He was taught by his father, Hans Holbein the Elder. He became a member of the Basel artists' guild in 1519. , This picture memorialises two wealthy, educated and powerful young men. On the left is Jean de Dinteville, aged 29, French ambassador to England in 1533. To the right stands his friend, Georges de Selve, aged 25, bishop of Lavaur, who acted on several occasions as ambassador to the Emperor, the Venetian Republic and the Holy See. The picture is in a …, The Ambassadors, by Hans Holbein the Younger (1497–1543) may on the face of it appear to be a magnificent near-life-size double portrait, but closer inspection reveals a whole host of hidden…, Jean de Dinteville, the man on the left, is shown on his second diplomatic mission to England on behalf of Francis I, King of France. To the right is his close friend, Georges de Selve, Bishop of Lavaur. This portrait was painted at a time of religious upheaval in Europe. Although the pope had refused to annul Henry VIII, King of England’s ... , By Dr. Lauren Kilroy-Ewbank. One of the most famous portraits of the Renaissance is without question Hans Holbein the Younger’s The Ambassadors from 1533. Even …, About Hans Holbein the Younger. Born in Augsburg, Bavaria, Holbein trained with his father, Hans Holbein the Elder, who operated a successful workshop. In 1515, he moved to Basel, where he worked for a circle of intellectuals and their printers. His first major paintings were the portraits of the mayor of Basel, Jacob Meyer and his wife …, The Ambassadors is one of the most famous images of the Tudor age. It was created by Hans Holbein the Younger, perhaps the most accomplished portraitist of the 16th century.He was born in Augsburg in southern Germany, but spent two periods of his life in England, during 1526-1528 and 1532-1543., May 9, 2023 · The Ambassadors, by Hans Holbein the Younger (1497–1543) may on the face of it appear to be a magnificent near-life-size double portrait, but closer inspection reveals a whole host of hidden… , The skull in The Ambassadors is a visualization of the “memento mori” saying. Hans Holbein had managed to paint death as it appeared in life: obscured yet omnipresent. Just as death can ambush ..., Hans Holbein the Younger's portrait of Anne of Cleves. Hans Holbein the Younger acted as a matchmaker to Henry VIII, tasked with painting the portraits of potential wives across Europe in a bid to ..., Oct 1, 2021 · The skull in The Ambassadors is a visualization of the “memento mori” saying. Hans Holbein had managed to paint death as it appeared in life: obscured yet omnipresent. Just as death can ambush ... , By Dr. Lauren Kilroy-Ewbank. One of the most famous portraits of the Renaissance is without question Hans Holbein the Younger’s The Ambassadors from 1533. Even …, 'The Ambassadors', also from this period, depicts two visitors to the court of Henry VIII. 'Christina of Denmark' is a portrait of a potential wife for the king. Holbein was born in Augsburg in southern Germany in the winter of 1497-8. He was taught by his father, Hans Holbein the Elder. He became a member of the Basel artists' guild in 1519.