Jayhawkers bleeding kansas

The 1861 Jayhawker Raid in Osceola. The Civil War was less than 5 months old in early September of 1861 when three regiments of free-state volunteers crossed the border separating their home state of Kansas from western Missouri. Described by one chronicler as a “motley force of patriots, murderers, and plunderers,” they were well-armed; in ...

Jayhawkers bleeding kansas. Bogus Legislature. President Franklin Pierce appointed Andrew Reeder to be the first governor of Kansas Territory. Most people believed he would support slavery in the new territory. However, Reeder supported the concept of popular sovereignty--letting the residents of Kansas Territory decide whether or not slavery would be allowed in Kansas.

The time was 1854. Kansas was still a territory, and in the pre-war fervor of the day, fighting erupted over whether it would be admitted to the Union as a free or slave state. Emotions crossed over into violence; the area was dubbed “Bleeding Kansas.” Nor did hostilities end with the admission of Kansas as a free state in January 1861.

He also fought with the abolitionist militia in Kansas called the Jayhawkers. They were named after a mythical Irish bird, the Jayhawk, which according to ...This timeline is about bleeding Kansas. What, did you expect this to be about potty training your dog? May 30th 1854 The Kansas Nebraska Act-Popular Sovereignty was passed in 1854. Kansas Nebraska Act-Popular Sovereignty came first in the bleeding Kansas timeline Bushwhackers and Jayhawkers were names for guerrilla fighters no matter the …Sep 6, 2020 · Posts about Bleeding Kansas written by jeffcojayhawkers. The 18-year-old Thomas Gay, who worked for a gunsmith in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin, read sensational newspaper accounts about Missouri border ruffian proslavers and their outrages against Kansas freestaters (anti-slavery) in 1856. Tensions were immediate between the opposing factions, which soon led to the Kansas-Missouri Border War, often called “Bleeding Kansas,” in the years before the Civil War. As tension mounted between the two groups, several skirmishes and battles occurred between the two factions, with the anti-slavery proponents referred to as Jayhawkers ... 9 thg 4, 2012 ... ... Bleeding Kansas. Historian Stephen Starr notes the several notable ... The poster (below, right) calls for “Independent Kansas Jay-Hawkers ...The Jayhawkers is another low-budget Western from the late 1950's that stars Jeff Chandler and Fess Parker in the leading roles, and takes John Brown's radical abolitionist views and Bleeding Kansas as inspiration for its plot and protagonists.

22 thg 3, 2012 ... “Jayhawkers” was the name given to pro-Union militias throughout Kansas, and the “Tigers” were a group in Columbia, Missouri, that protected the ...Mar 16, 2023 · You see, a Jayhawk isn't a bird. Rather, it's a term that references abolitionist "Free State" supporters who resisted pro-slavery rioters during the "Bleeding Kansas" conflict of the 1850s. It ... Col. Charles “Doc” Jennison, abolitionist and commander of the 7th Kansas Cavalry “Jennison’s Jayhawkers,” in his Federal officer’s uniform taken in St. Louis. Courtesy of Cowan’s Auctions. ... “Bleeding Kansas.” In 1855, just as the tensions between pro-slavery and anti-slavery settlers grew, the concept of establishing a ...01:20. Jayhawkers is a term that came to prominence just before the American Civil War in Bleeding Kansas, where it was adopted by militant bands affiliated with the free-state …Abolition. Abolitionists were people who believed that slavery was immoral and who wanted slavery in the United States to come to an end. They had influenced political debates in the United States from the late 17th century through the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act in 1854. This law, which organized these two territories for settlement, proposed that the …

Several skirmishes took place in what has become known as Bleeding Kansas. Fort Titus, Lecompton, Kansas by Kathy Weiser-Alexander. ... When the pro-slavery advocates finally surrendered, the Jayhawkers captured some 400 muskets, a large number of knives and pistols, 13 horses, several wagons, supplies and provisions, $10,000 in gold and bank ...Charles Ransford Jennison was a physician, soldier, and anti-slavery Jayhawker who fought to make Kansas a Free State during the Bleeding Kansas War and as a Redleg during the Civil War. Jennison was born in Jefferson County, New York, on June 6, 1834. He was educated in public schools until he was 12 years old, when his parents went to Wisconsin.May 31, 2022 · Jayhawkers is a term that came into use just before the American Civil War in Bleeding Kansas. It was adopted by militant bands of Free-Staters. These bands, known as “Jayhawkers”, were guerrilla fighters who often clashed with pro-slavery groups from Missouri known at the time as “Border Ruffians” . In addition, the atmosphere in Kansas, and the media’s portrayal, spurred tensions nationally and was one of the events that helped to bring on the Civil War. “Bleeding Kansas” can be seen as both a foreshadowing and a microcosm of the Civil War. As historian Alice Nichols wrote, “Kansas had a twin and its twin was the Civil War.”.Jayhawker facts for kids. Jayhawkers is a term that came into use just before the American Civil War in Bleeding Kansas. It was adopted by militant bands of Free-Staters. These bands, known as "Jayhawkers", were guerrilla fighters who often clashed with pro-slavery groups from Missouri known at the time as "Border Ruffians".

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Likewise, in 2004 the Jayhawks defeated their archrivals 31-14 despite entering the game as nine-and-a-half-point underdogs, and the 2003 contest saw an …Definition of jayhawker in the Definitions.net dictionary. Meaning of jayhawker. What does jayhawker mean? Information and translations of jayhawker in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web.Although Kansas entered the Union as a free state in 1861, ending the period called “Bleeding Kansas,” the animosities of the territorial period lived on with the ... commanded the infamous “Jayhawkers,” a military regiment that conducted raids into Missouri, confiscated supplies, and killed Missourians who sided with the Confederacy. ...Kansas-Nebraska Act. By Zach Garrison, University of Cincinnati. Political map delineating the slave states, free states, and open territories, ca. 1856. Courtesy of the Library of Congress. Law Summary: Date signed into law: May 30, 1854. Chief proponent: U.S. Senator Stephen A. Douglas, of Illinois. Signed into law by: President Franklin Pierce.

During the late 1870s and early 1880s, as many as 40,000 African Americans migrated from the South to Kansas, Oklahoma and Colorado. One formerly enslaved man, Benjamin “Pap” Singleton ...Kansas became a state and this is its flag. Kansas became a state in January 29 1861. Kansas was declared a free and Unionist state. Did you know? Did you know that Kansas is said to be the start of the Cilvil War. When Kansas became a state The burning of Lawrence happened August 21 1863. It happened by a group of guerillas led by William …Although Kansas entered the Union as a free state in 1861, ending the period called “Bleeding Kansas,” the animosities of the territorial period lived on with the outbreak of civil war that same year. One of the first casualties was Reverend Snyder, shot as he was milking his cow outside his home along present- day East 19th Street.The sacking of Osceola was a Kansas Jayhawker initiative on September 23, 1861, to push out pro-slavery Southerners at Osceola, Missouri.It was not authorized by Union military authorities but was the work of an informal group of anti-slavery Kansas "Jayhawkers". The town of 2,077 people was plundered and burned to the ground, 200 …"Bleeding Kansas: Montgomery's Raid on Fort Scott" is an account of events which occurred on December 16, 1858. This play, approximately twenty minutes long, is designed to provide students the opportunity of gaining insight into the struggles for statehood experienced in Southeast Kansas. By taking on the role of actual historical …Kansas entered the Union as the 34th state on January 29, 1861. Less than three months later, on April 12, Fort Sumter was attacked by Confederate troops and the Civil War began. In Washington rumors were afloat that President Abraham Lincoln was to be kidnapped or assassinated. James H. Lane, a senator from Kansas, recruited 120 Kansas men who ... If you are looking for a new or used Lexus in Kansas, there are several things you can do to find the best deals. In this article, we will discuss how to find the best deals on Kansas Lexus cars.Jayhawker facts. Jayhawkers is a term that came into use just before the American Civil War in Bleeding Kansas. It was adopted by militant bands of Free-Staters. These bands, known as "Jayhawkers", were guerrilla fighters who often clashed with pro-slavery groups from Missouri known at the time as "Border Ruffians".

Charles Ransford Jennison was a physician, soldier, and anti-slavery Jayhawker who fought to make Kansas a Free State during the Bleeding Kansas War and as a Redleg during the Civil War. Jennison was born in Jefferson County, New York, on June 6, 1834. He was educated in public schools until he was 12 years old, when his parents went to Wisconsin.

Keep up with the Jayhawks on Bleacher Report. Get the latest Kansas Jayhawks Basketball storylines, highlights, expert analysis, scores and more.The Cherittorial Capital is a cherry table wine, and Jayhawker Delight is a grape table wine. For folks who might not be familiar with Kansas history, Jayhawkers was a term for free-staters during the Bleeding Kansas days and of course later became namesake of the Jayhawks, mascot of The University of Kansas just down the road in …These 10 events gave Bleeding Kansas its name. People say that kansas was the spark that started the civil war. Many brutal battles took place in Kansas, and these battles eventually lead to the end of slavery. By: Avery Pankey The Kansas/ Nebraska Act took play on May 30, 1854. It was an act that allowed people to decide whether they wanted …Anti-slavery Jayhawkers clashed with Bushwhackers from neighboring Missouri as the two sides were provoked to bitter and often bloody struggle in Kansas ...Jennison's Jayhawkers, 1861 —1862 edited by Jeffrey L. Patrick he region along the Kansas—Missouri border was the bloodiest guerrilla battleground of the Civil War. Civilians, conventional soldiers, and partisans all were pitted against ... against proslavery proponents during the Bleeding Kansas period and seized the federal arsenal at ...During the late 1870s and early 1880s, as many as 40,000 African Americans migrated from the South to Kansas, Oklahoma and Colorado. One formerly enslaved man, Benjamin “Pap” Singleton ...August 30, 1856 – Battle of Osawatomie – John Brown leads a raid on proslavery sympathizers in a small Kansas settlement on the Pottawatomie Creek. It is the first battle over slavery in the U.S. Five men are killed. The division in the Kansas territory over slavery leads to much violence in “Bleeding Kansas”.John Brown is a local hero. His mural fills the Capitol rotunda. I was in the Lawrence area, which was aligned with the abolitionists. The town's nickname is Free State Capitol. (Also Free State is a great local microbrewery.) In Kansas, the raiders from Missouri were considered evil and Kansas Jayhawkers were considered freedom fighters.People who voted illegally in Kansas. Charles Sumner. A Massachusetts senator that was beaten for speaking against slavery. Kansas-Nebraska Act. Act that allowed the people to decide the issue of slavery in KS/NE for themselves. John Brown. Abolitionist that led the raid on Harper's Ferry and the Pottawatomie Massacre.

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Kansas entered the Union as the 34th state on January 29, 1861. Less than three months later, on April 12, Fort Sumter was attacked by Confederate troops and the Civil War began. In Washington rumors were afloat that President Abraham Lincoln was to be kidnapped or assassinated. James H. Lane, a senator from Kansas, recruited 120 Kansas men who ...Oct 25, 2021 · The first score of the game came in the opening quarter as a Missouri halfback slipped around KU’s left end and galloped in for a touchdown. The Missouri kicker, however, “made a sorry attempt, kicking too low” and so Missouri led 4-0. Saturday, October 31, 1891. At first glance, the Kansas-Missouri football rivalry would appear to have ... 18 thg 11, 2008 ... The conflicts of the “Bleeding Kansas” period were largely confined to the area within a 30 mile radius of Lawrence, and were largely over ...The Jayhawk and the Jayhawkers were in the midst of great political conflict about the future of Kansas. The territory, having been opened for settlement, became a battleground to decide whether Kansas would be a state with slavery or one without it. ... For both sides there was a cause to fight for, and a national crisis of the "Bleeding ...The early jayhawker was an abolitionist, a guerilla, and a Union sympathizer who would retaliate by raiding Missouri’s border towns. This period of fighting would become so intense that it would be known as the Bleeding Kansas affair. The original meaning of "Jayhawker" meant a Kansas abolitionist who fought Missourians and slave owners.Bleeding Kansas was a series of violent confrontations between the abolitionist Jayhawkers and pro-slavery Border Ruffians in the US states of Kansas and Missouri in the years leading up to the American Civil War. The Kansas-Nebraska Act allowed for Kansas and Nebraska to decide for themselves whether or not to allow slavery, causing a major debate in the new states. Pro-slavery voices argued ...In 1855, Hickok left Illinois and the Jayhawkers, a vigilante group in Kansas. At that time, "Bleeding Kansas" was in the middle of tremendous violence as pro- and anti-slavery groups fought over control of the state. Jayhawkers were fighting for Kansas to become a 'free state,' not allowing the enslavement of African people in its borders.May 21, 2015 · The “Bleeding Kansas” lesson is planned for multiple days for students to do research. This lesson will take 4-5 class periods with a duration of 55 minutes each (could be shorter or longer depending on scope of project). The actual lesson and activity will only take a day. Historical Background. When Congress passed the Kansas-Nebraska Act ... 7 thg 6, 2016 ... ... Bleeding Kansas" that saw several skirmishes, raids, and even cold ... Jayhawkers and was not authorized by the Union or any officials in Kansas.Anti-slavery Jayhawkers and Red Legs, so called because of the red leggings they often wore, led by James Montgomery, Charles R. “Doc” Jennison, and Senator James Lane, exploited the war as a pretext for plundering and murdering their way across Missouri. Confederate General Sterling Price’s September 1861 victory at Lexington, Missouri ... ….

Jayhawkers is a term that came to prominence just before the American Civil War in Bleeding Kansas, where it was adopted by militant bands affiliated with the free-state cause. These bands, known as "Jayhawkers", were guerrilla fighters who often clashed with pro-slavery groups from Missouri known at the time as "Border Ruffians". After the Civil War, the word "Jayhawker" became synonymous ... Bleeding Kansas describes the period of repeated outbreaks of violent guerrilla warfare between pro-slavery and anti-slavery forces following the creation of the new territory of Kansas in 1854.JAYHAWKERS. JAYHAWKERS, a name applied to the Free State bands active in the Kansas-Missouri border war between 1856 and 1859, particularly the band captained by Charles R. Jennison. It was also applied to Union guerrilla bands during the Civil War and to the Seventh Kansas Cavalry, commanded by Jennison. Because of real …The Jayhawkers is another low-budget Western from the late 1950's that stars Jeff Chandler and Fess Parker in the leading roles, and takes John Brown's radical abolitionist views and Bleeding Kansas as inspiration for its plot and protagonists. Set just before the Civil War, the state of Kansas is being torn apart by different factions, both ...In Missouri and other Border States of the Western Theater, guerilla fighters — regardless of which side they favored — were commonly called "bushwhackers," although pro-Union partisans were also known as "jayhawkers," a term that had originated during the pre-war Bleeding Kansas period. Often, guerilla fighters could only loosely ...Jayhawkers is a term that came into use just before the American Civil War in Bleeding Kansas. It was adopted by militant bands of Free-Staters. These bands, known as “Jayhawkers”, were guerrilla fighters who often clashed with pro-slavery groups from Missouri known at the time as “Border Ruffians” .Did kansas start the civil war? John Brown igniting national divisions and helping spark the American Civil War. The Kansas-Nebraska act was passed by the U.S. Congress on May 30, 1854. It allowed people in the territories of Kansas and Nebraska to decide for themselves whether or not to allow…Apr 9, 2012 · Anthony Joined the Seventh Kansas Volunteer Cavalry in October of 1861. The Seventh, led by Col. Charles Rainsford Jennison, (left) was made up of Free-Staters from the Leavenworth area, many of whom had suffered through Bleeding Kansas. Historian Stephen Starr notes the several notable members of the Seventh, including John Brown Jr and ... James Montgomery (colonel) James Montgomery (December 22, 1814 – December 6, 1871) was a Jayhawker during the Bleeding Kansas era and a controversial Union colonel during the American Civil War. Montgomery was a staunch supporter of abolitionist principles and individual liberty. He liberated slaves during his raids. Keep up with the Jayhawks on Bleacher Report. Get the latest Kansas Jayhawks Basketball storylines, highlights, expert analysis, scores and more. Jayhawkers bleeding kansas, Jayhawkers is a term that came into use just before the American Civil War in Bleeding Kansas. It was adopted by militant bands of Free-Staters. These bands, known as "Jayhawkers", were guerrilla fighters who often clashed with pro-slavery groups from Missouri known at the time as "Border Ruffians"., Jayhawker and red leg are terms that came to prominence in Kansas Territory during the Bleeding Kansas period of the 1850s; they were adopted by militant bands affiliated with the free-state cause during the American Civil War., On September 23, 1861, James H. Lane, a U.S. senator from Kansas and future Union brigadier general, led his 1,200-man brigade of Jayhawkers across the border into Missouri and ransacked, plundered …, 7 thg 6, 2016 ... ... Bleeding Kansas" that saw several skirmishes, raids, and even cold ... Jayhawkers and was not authorized by the Union or any officials in Kansas., In 1971, Baby Jay (created by KU student Amy Hurst) was hatched out of a papier mâché egg at the 50-yard line during halftime of KU’s homecoming game against Kansas State. However, Big Jay and ..., This is a time-line of how and why Kansas got the name Bleeding Kansas Stephen A Douglas introduced a bill that would let the people living in the Kansas Territory vote if they wanted slavery or wanted to become a free state. Popular Sovereignty made it easier for Missourians to illegally vote for…, Kansas became a state and this is its flag. Kansas became a state in January 29 1861. Kansas was declared a free and Unionist state. Did you know? Did you know that Kansas is said to be the start of the Cilvil War. When Kansas became a state The burning of Lawrence happened August 21 1863. It happened by a group of guerillas led by William …, A slaveholding family of southern descent, they owned a dry goods store in Cass County, Missouri, which was repeatedly robbed by antislavery bands of Kansas "jayhawkers.". At the outbreak of the national Civil War, Bursheba's husband, Henry, remained an avowed Union man, but in July 1862, Unionist militia ambushed, robbed, and murdered ..., Brigadier-General James Henry Lane (June 22, 1814 - July 11, 1866) was an American politician and military officer who was a leader of the Jayhawkers in the Bleeding Kansas period that immediately preceded the American Civil War.During the war itself, Lane served in the United States Senate and as a general officer in the Union Army.Although reelected as a Senator in 1865, Lane died by ..., Definition of jayhawker in the Definitions.net dictionary. Meaning of jayhawker. What does jayhawker mean? Information and translations of jayhawker in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web., On September 23, 1861, James H. Lane, a U.S. senator from Kansas and future Union brigadier general, led his 1,200-man brigade of Jayhawkers across the border into Missouri and ransacked, plundered and burned the town of Osceola., The anti-slavery settlers became known as Jayhawkers, and the many pro-slavery forces who crossed over from Missouri became known as Border Ruffians. While the total number of deaths was small (roughly 50 deaths from 1854 to 1859) the tension between the two factions was very real and intense. ... Bleeding Kansas can be seen as both a ..., But Jayhawkers were very real, indeed, in the days leading up to the Civil War. A Jayhawker was one of a band of anti-slavery, pro-Union guerrillas coursing about Kansas and Missouri, impelled by substantially more malice than charity. Jayhawkers were undisciplined, unprincipled, occasionally murderous, and always thieving., Jennison's Jayhawkers. Stephen Z. Starr. THis book is mostly about the war but has good material about the "Bleeding Kansas" (1854-60). The Devil Knows How to Ride. Edward E. Leslie. A biography of Quantrill. Bloody Dawn. Also by Tom Groodrich about Quantrill's 1863 raid on Lwrence, but with good back ground., The exploits of the guerillas, bushwackers, and jayhawkers with their accompanying acts of murder, robbing, arson and sometimes torture, made the regular army the safest place to be. Few prisoners were taken in the White River country during the last two years of the war. In the upper reaches of the White River watershed lived the notorious ..., The 1861 Jayhawker Raid in Osceola. The Civil War was less than 5 months old in early September of 1861 when three regiments of free-state volunteers crossed the border separating their home state of Kansas from western Missouri. Described by one chronicler as a “motley force of patriots, murderers, and plunderers,” they were well-armed; in ..., Richard Cordley was a Protestant minister and abolitionist associated with the Jayhawkers of Kansas. Known primarily as the pastor of Plymouth Congregational Church in Lawrence, Kansas in the 19th and early 20th century, Cordley was an early settler of Lawrence and a survivor of both the Sacking of Lawrence and the Lawrence Massacre in 1863. Cordley …, Jennison's Jayhawkers. The following is the regimental history of the Second Kansas Volunteer Infantry as published in the Adjutant General's Report, Vol. 2, pp. 93-97. The Seventh Kansas Cavalry was organized on the 28th day of October, 1861, at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, under command of Colonel Charles R. Jennison, and was …, Likewise, in 2004 the Jayhawks defeated their archrivals 31-14 despite entering the game as nine-and-a-half-point underdogs, and the 2003 contest saw an …, General James H. Lane. James “Jim” Henry Lane, aka: “The Grim Chieftain” and “Bloody Jim,” was a controversial U.S. Senator, Kansas partisan, and Union General during the Civil War. Lane was born in Lawrenceburg, Indiana, on June 22, 1814. He grew up to study law in his father’s office and was admitted to the Indiana bar in 1840. , Bushwhackers. By Tony O’ Bryan, University of Missouri—Kansas City. Jesse James sought safety in the brush at a young age and grew into the tumultuous and violent life of a warrior bandit. Photograph courtesy of the Library of Congress. The “bushwhackers” were Missourians who fled to the rugged backcountry and forests to live in hiding ..., Jayhawkers is a term that came into use just before the American Civil War in Bleeding Kansas.It was adopted by militant bands of Free-Staters.These bands, known as "Jayhawkers", were guerrilla fighters who often clashed with pro-slavery groups from Missouri known at the time as "Border Ruffians".. After the Civil War, the word "Jayhawker" became synonymous with the people of Kansas., Jayhawkers synonyms, Jayhawkers pronunciation, Jayhawkers translation, English dictionary definition of Jayhawkers. n. 1. One of the free-soil guerrillas in Kansas and Missouri during the border disputes of 1854 to 1859. ... Missourians also crossed the border into Kansas, killed Kansas Jayhawkers in guerrilla wars in what became known as ..., Anti-slavery partisans who operated in Bleeding Kansas were known as Free-Staters and Jayhawkers. The Battle of Osawatomie was the largest armed conflict to take place in Bleeding Kansas. Recent historical research documents 157 homicides in Kansas between 1854 and 1861., Jun 29, 2022 · Lane later established a Federal brigade of Kansas volunteers, who were nicknamed the Jayhawkers. Lane’s Kansas Brigade was responsible for sacking the Missouri border town of Osceola in 1861. Interestingly, on the 150th anniversary of the Sacking of Osceola, the town of Osceola asked KU to revoke its mascot, but the university refused. , Early Life and Bleeding Kansas. Charles R. Jennison was born on June 6, 1834 in Antwerp, Jefferson County, New York. His family moved to Wisconsin in 1846 where Jennison studied medicine. Marrying at the age of 20, Dr. Jennison moved to Osawatomie, Kansas in 1858 and to Mound City shortly thereafter. Jennison was considered the most brutal and ..., Major landforms in Kansas include the Ozark Plateau, Cherokee Lowlands, Osage Cuestas, Flint Hills and Glaciated Region. Kansas is a state in the midwest region of the United States., Any member of the University of Kansas community, present or past, automatically becomes a Jayhawk. What does this popular mythical figure really mean? The colorful bird, which does not exist in nature, has a friendly appearance today. In sports it can still represent a fierce rivalry, but the Jayhawk is not violent., Accounts of its use appeared from Illinois to Texas and in that year, a party of pioneers crossing what is now Nebraska, called themselves “The Jayhawkers of ' ..., With Kansas admitted to the Union as a free state in 1861, the period known as Bleeding Kansas came to an end, though Kansas hardly stopped bleeding. The worst occurred on August 21, 1863, when William Clarke Quantrill and some 400 pro-slavery ruffians rode into Lawrence and killed more than 180 men and teenage boys and laid the …, The initial purpose of the Kansas–Nebraska Act was to open up thousands of new farms and make feasible a Midwestern Transcontinental Railroad. The popular sovereignty clause of the law led pro- and anti-slavery elements to flood into Kansas with the goal of voting slavery up or down, resulting in Bleeding Kansas. 1850 map of the …, Bogus Legislature. President Franklin Pierce appointed Andrew Reeder to be the first governor of Kansas Territory. Most people believed he would support slavery in the new territory. However, Reeder supported the concept of popular sovereignty--letting the residents of Kansas Territory decide whether or not slavery would be allowed in Kansas., In Missouri and other Border States of the Western Theater, guerilla fighters — regardless of which side they favored — were commonly called “bushwhackers,” although pro-Union partisans were also known as “jayhawkers,” a term that had originated during the pre-war Bleeding Kansas period.